ABO incompatibility reaction due to transfusion of blood or blood products Save

ABO incompatibility reaction due to transfusion of blood or blood products

ABO incompatibility reaction is a serious complication that can occur due to the transfusion of blood or blood products. This reaction is caused by a mismatch between the blood type of the donor and the recipient. The ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. Blood is classified into four major types: A, B, AB, and O.

Transfusion of blood or blood products that are not compatible with the recipient's blood type can lead to a severe immune response. The immune system of the recipient recognizes the donor's red blood cells as foreign and mounts an attack against them. This attack can lead to the destruction of red blood cells, which can cause anemia and other complications.

ABO incompatibility reactions can be classified into two types: acute and delayed. Acute reactions occur within minutes to hours after transfusion and can be life-threatening. Delayed reactions occur days to weeks after transfusion and are usually less severe than acute reactions.

The symptoms of an acute ABO incompatibility reaction can include fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, and dark urine. The severity of the reaction can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it can be fatal. Delayed reactions can cause fever, jaundice, and anemia.

To prevent ABO incompatibility reactions, blood typing and cross-matching are done before transfusion. Blood typing determines the recipient's blood type, and cross-matching ensures that the donor's blood is compatible with the recipient's blood type.

1. Blood typing: Blood typing involves testing the recipient's blood for the presence or absence of the A and B antigens.
2. Cross-matching: Cross-matching involves mixing a sample of the recipient's blood with a sample of the donor's blood to ensure compatibility.

In conclusion, ABO incompatibility reactions are a serious complication that can occur due to the transfusion of blood or blood products. These reactions can be prevented by proper blood typing and cross-matching before transfusion. If you experience any symptoms of an ABO incompatibility reaction after receiving a transfusion, seek medical attention immediately.