Adverse effect of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists Save
ICD-10 code: T44.7X5
Chapter: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Adverse Effect of Beta-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists
Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, also known as beta-blockers, are commonly used medications to treat various cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure. These drugs work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the beta receptors in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, which in turn reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen demand. However, like any other medication, beta-blockers are not without side effects.
- Bradycardia: One of the most common side effects of beta-blockers is a slow heart rate or bradycardia. Since beta-blockers reduce the heart's rate and force of contraction, they can cause the heart to beat slower than usual, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
- Hypotension: Beta-blockers can also cause a drop in blood pressure, especially when standing up suddenly from a sitting or lying position. This can cause lightheadedness, fainting, or falls, particularly in the elderly or patients with preexisting low blood pressure.
- Bronchospasm: Beta-blockers can worsen breathing difficulties in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by constricting the airways. Therefore, beta-blockers should be avoided or used with caution in these patients.
- Masking of Hypoglycemia: Beta-blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar, which is particularly concerning in diabetic patients who rely on these symptoms to monitor their blood sugar levels. Beta-blockers can also impair glucose tolerance and increase the risk of developing diabetes.
- Sexual Dysfunction: Beta-blockers can cause sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and difficulty achieving orgasm.
Other less common side effects of beta-blockers include fatigue, depression, insomnia, and vivid dreams. Beta-blockers can also interact with other medications, such as calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), leading to adverse effects. Therefore, patients taking beta-blockers should inform their healthcare provider of all the medications they are taking.
In conclusion, while beta-blockers are effective medications in the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions, they are not without side effects. Patients taking beta-blockers should be aware of the potential adverse effects and promptly report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.