Complications of Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure that involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. It is often used to treat certain types of cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. While bone marrow transplant can be a life-saving treatment, it is not without its risks and complications. Here are some of the common complications of bone marrow transplant.

1. Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

GVHD occurs when the transplanted bone marrow cells recognize the recipient's body as foreign and attack it. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including skin rash, diarrhea, liver problems, and respiratory issues. GVHD can be mild or severe and can occur at any time after the transplant.

2. Infections

Patients who undergo bone marrow transplant are at a higher risk for infections due to the weakening of their immune system. Infections can be bacterial, viral, or fungal and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

3. Graft Failure

Graft failure occurs when the transplanted bone marrow cells fail to engraft and produce new blood cells. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including anemia, bleeding, and infections. Graft failure can occur immediately after the transplant or several weeks or months later.

4. Organ Damage

The high doses of chemotherapy and radiation used in bone marrow transplant can cause damage to the liver, lungs, and other organs. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and jaundice.

5. Other Complications

Other complications of bone marrow transplant can include infertility, cataracts, and secondary cancers. These complications can occur months or years after the transplant.

It is important to note that not all patients who undergo bone marrow transplant will experience these complications. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and to discuss them with your healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure. With proper monitoring and treatment, many of these complications can be managed or prevented.