Complications of stem cell transplant Save
ICD-10 code: T86.5
Chapter: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Complications of Stem Cell Transplant
A stem cell transplant is a medical procedure that involves replacing diseased or damaged stem cells with healthy ones. This procedure can be life-saving for patients with certain types of cancer, blood disorders, and other conditions. However, like any medical procedure, there are risks and potential complications associated with a stem cell transplant.
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - This is a common complication that occurs when the transplanted stem cells attack the recipient's healthy tissues. GVHD can range from mild to severe and can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, liver, and digestive system. Symptoms may include rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.
- Infections - Patients who undergo a stem cell transplant are at an increased risk of developing infections due to the weakening of their immune system. Infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
- Bleeding and anemia - Stem cell transplant can cause a decrease in the number of platelets and red blood cells in the body, leading to bleeding and anemia. Patients may experience easy bruising, nosebleeds, and fatigue.
- Organ damage - Chemotherapy and radiation therapy used in preparation for stem cell transplant can cause damage to the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. In some cases, this damage may be permanent and require lifelong medical management.
- Secondary cancers - Patients who undergo stem cell transplant have an increased risk of developing secondary cancers, particularly blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. This risk is higher in patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
It is essential to understand that not all patients who undergo stem cell transplant will experience these complications. The risk of complications depends on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the underlying condition being treated. Patients should discuss the potential risks and benefits of stem cell transplant with their healthcare provider and be closely monitored for any complications after the procedure.
In conclusion, stem cell transplant is a potentially life-saving procedure for patients with certain types of conditions. However, it is not without risks and potential complications. Patients should be aware of these risks and work closely with their healthcare provider to minimize them.