Congenital malformations of cardiac chambers and connections Save

Congenital Malformations of Cardiac Chambers and Connections

Congenital malformations of the heart are structural abnormalities that develop during fetal life. These malformations can affect any part of the heart, including the chambers and connections. In this article, we will discuss the different types of congenital malformations of the cardiac chambers and connections.

1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): VSD is the most common congenital heart defect. It occurs when there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood.
2. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): ASD is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. This allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium.
3. Tetralogy of Fallot: Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital heart defects that occur together. These defects include a VSD, narrowing of the pulmonary valve, an enlarged right ventricle, and an aorta that is positioned over the VSD instead of over the left ventricle. This results in oxygen-poor blood being circulated throughout the body.
4. Transposition of the Great Arteries: Transposition of the Great Arteries is a condition where the two main arteries leaving the heart are switched. This means that oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the heart to the body, and oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs.
5. Coarctation of the Aorta: Coarctation of the Aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and lead to heart failure.

Congenital malformations of the cardiac chambers and connections can lead to a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and heart palpitations. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the malformation, and may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both.

In conclusion, congenital malformations of the cardiac chambers and connections are structural abnormalities that develop during fetal life. These malformations can affect any part of the heart, and can lead to a variety of symptoms. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a congenital heart defect, it is important to seek medical attention right away.