Congenital malformations of great arteries Save

Congenital malformations of great arteries

Congenital malformations of great arteries are a type of heart defect that affects the major vessels that carry blood away from the heart. These malformations occur during fetal development and can result in serious complications, including heart failure and even death.

1. Transposition of the great arteries: This is a condition in which the two main arteries leaving the heart are switched. The aorta, which carries oxygen-rich blood to the body, is connected to the right ventricle, while the pulmonary artery, which carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, is connected to the left ventricle. This results in a lack of oxygenated blood in the body, which can be life-threatening.
2. Tetralogy of Fallot: This is a combination of four heart defects that occur together. These defects include a ventricular septal defect (a hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart), an overriding aorta (the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect), pulmonary stenosis (a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery), and right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the muscular wall of the right ventricle). This can result in a lack of oxygenated blood in the body, which can cause cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin).
3. Coarctation of the aorta: This is a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure in the arms and head, but low blood pressure in the legs and feet. It can also put a strain on the heart and increase the risk of heart failure.
4. Double outlet right ventricle: In this condition, both the aorta and the pulmonary artery are connected to the right ventricle. This can cause a lack of oxygenated blood in the body and increase the risk of heart failure.

Congenital malformations of great arteries can be diagnosed through various tests, such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and MRI. Treatment options depend on the specific malformation and may include medications, surgery, or other procedures.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a congenital malformation of great arteries, it is important to seek medical attention and discuss treatment options with your healthcare provider.