Disorders of calcium metabolism Save
ICD-10 code: E83.5
Chapter: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Understanding the Basics
Calcium is an essential mineral required for the proper functioning of the human body. It plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including bone development, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting. Balanced calcium metabolism is necessary for maintaining optimal health, but disorders of calcium metabolism can lead to significant health complications.
- Hypocalcemia: This condition occurs when the level of calcium in the blood is below the normal range. Hypocalcemia can be caused by several factors, including vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, and certain medications. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include muscle cramps, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, and seizures.
- Hypercalcemia: Hypercalcemia is the opposite of hypocalcemia and occurs when the level of calcium in the blood is too high. This can be caused by several factors, including hyperparathyroidism, cancer, and certain medications. Symptoms of hypercalcemia include fatigue, constipation, nausea, and confusion.
- Osteoporosis: This disorder is characterized by weak and brittle bones, which increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is commonly caused by a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, hormonal changes, and physical inactivity. Symptoms of osteoporosis may not be noticeable until a fracture occurs.
- Kidney Stones: Kidney stones are hard deposits of calcium that form in the kidneys. They can be caused by several factors, including a diet high in calcium and oxalate, dehydration, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in the back, side, or groin, nausea, and vomiting.
It is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a disorder of calcium metabolism. A doctor can perform tests to determine the cause of the disorder and recommend an appropriate treatment plan. Treatment for disorders of calcium metabolism may include calcium and vitamin D supplements, medications, and lifestyle changes.
In conclusion, calcium metabolism is crucial for optimal health. Disorders of calcium metabolism can lead to significant health complications, but with proper medical attention, they can be effectively managed.