Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease complicating childbirth Save

Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease complicating childbirth

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

While HIV can be managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), women living with HIV face additional challenges during pregnancy and childbirth. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.5 million women living with HIV give birth each year. Without proper management, HIV can complicate childbirth and increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission.

Risks of HIV Complicating Childbirth

When a woman with HIV gives birth, there is a risk of transmitting the virus to her baby. The risk of mother-to-child transmission can be as high as 45% without proper management. However, with appropriate interventions such as ART during pregnancy, elective Caesarean delivery, and avoiding breastfeeding, the risk can be reduced to less than 2%.

In addition to the transmission risk, HIV can also affect the health of the mother during childbirth. Women with HIV are at higher risk of developing infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis, as well as other complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight.

Preventing HIV Transmission during Childbirth

To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during childbirth, it is important for women living with HIV to receive regular prenatal care and ART. ART can reduce the amount of HIV in the mother's blood and other bodily fluids, which reduces the risk of transmission to the baby.

Women with HIV are also advised to deliver their babies via Caesarean section. This reduces the risk of transmission during delivery, as the baby is not exposed to the mother's bodily fluids. Additionally, women with HIV should avoid breastfeeding, as HIV can be transmitted through breast milk.

Conclusion

Childbirth can be complicated for women living with HIV, but with proper management and interventions, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced. It is important for women living with HIV to receive regular prenatal care and adhere to their ART regimen to improve their own health and the health of their baby.

1. World Health Organization. (2018). HIV and Infant Feeding. Available at: https://www.who.int/elena/titles/hiv_infant_feeding/en/
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). HIV Transmission. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html