Mechanical complication of coronary artery bypass graft and biological heart valve graft Save

Mechanical Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft and Biological Heart Valve Graft

Mechanical complications of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and biological heart valve graft are rare but can be life-threatening. CABG is a surgical procedure that is performed to improve blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked or narrowed arteries. Biological heart valve grafts are used to replace damaged or diseased heart valves.

Some of the mechanical complications that can occur after CABG include:

1. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding can occur during or after the surgery. This can be caused by a number of factors, including blood thinners, inadequate hemostasis, and the use of a heart-lung machine during the surgery.
2. Graft failure: The graft used during the surgery can fail due to various reasons, such as improper placement, infection, or clot formation.
3. Stroke: A stroke can occur during or after the surgery due to embolization of clots or plaque from the aorta or the heart.
4. Arrhythmia: An abnormal heart rhythm can occur after the surgery due to damage to the heart's electrical system or inflammation.
5. Infection: Infection can occur at the site of the incision or in the sternum after the surgery. This can be caused by bacteria or fungi.

Similarly, some of the mechanical complications that can occur after biological heart valve graft include:

1. Structural failure: The valve can fail due to various reasons, such as calcification, wear and tear, or infection.
2. Thromboembolism: Blood clots can form on the valve or in the heart and travel to other parts of the body, causing blockages.
3. Valve regurgitation: Blood can leak back into the heart due to incomplete closure of the valve.
4. Endocarditis: Infection can occur on or around the valve, causing inflammation and damage.
5. Haemolysis: The valve can cause destruction of red blood cells, leading to anemia.

It is important for patients who undergo CABG or biological heart valve graft to be aware of these potential complications and to seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fever. Regular follow-up appointments with a cardiologist can also help detect and prevent these complications.