Miliary Tuberculosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Miliary tuberculosis is a rare form of tuberculosis that occurs when the bacteria spread throughout the body. It is called "miliary" because the tiny nodules that form in the body resemble millet seeds. The disease can affect any part of the body, including the lungs, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
- Symptoms: The symptoms of miliary tuberculosis can vary depending on which organs are affected. In the lungs, symptoms can include coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath. In the liver, symptoms can include abdominal pain and jaundice. In the spleen, symptoms can include abdominal pain and anemia. In the bone marrow, symptoms can include fatigue and weakness.
- Causes: Miliary tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. People with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of developing miliary tuberculosis, including those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, and diabetes.
- Treatment: Miliary tuberculosis can be treated with a combination of antibiotics for at least 6 months. Treatment may need to be extended if the disease has spread to the bone marrow or other organs. It is important to take all of the prescribed medications and to follow up with a healthcare provider to ensure the infection is fully treated.
Preventing miliary tuberculosis involves taking steps to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in general. This includes getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding close contact with people who have active tuberculosis.
If you are experiencing symptoms of miliary tuberculosis or have been in close contact with someone who has active tuberculosis, it is important to seek medical attention right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of the disease and improve outcomes.