Non-ABO incompatibility with acute hemolytic transfusion reaction Save
ICD-10 code: T80.A10
Chapter: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Non-ABO Incompatibility with Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) is a rare but serious complication of blood transfusion. It occurs when the recipient's immune system attacks the donor red blood cells (RBCs) due to ABO incompatibility or non-ABO incompatibility. Non-ABO incompatibility is less common but can also lead to AHTR.
Non-ABO incompatibility occurs when the recipient has antibodies against antigens on the donor RBCs that are different from the ABO system. These antibodies can be naturally occurring or can develop after previous transfusions or pregnancies. Non-ABO antigens include Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and others.
The symptoms of AHTR due to non-ABO incompatibility are similar to those of ABO incompatibility and include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, chest or back pain, hypotension, and kidney failure. The severity of the reaction can vary, from mild to life-threatening.
If AHTR is suspected, the transfusion should be stopped immediately, and the patient should be closely monitored. The patient's blood and urine should be tested for evidence of hemolysis, and supportive care should be provided. In severe cases, the patient may require blood transfusions, dialysis, or other interventions.
- To prevent non-ABO incompatibility, blood banks screen for the most common non-ABO antigens, and patients who have been previously transfused or pregnant are tested for antibodies before transfusion.
- If a patient has a known non-ABO antibody, compatible blood should be selected for transfusion.
- In cases where compatible blood is not available, the transfusion should be given slowly and with close monitoring for signs of a reaction.
- Patients who have previously had an AHTR should be educated about the risk of recurrence and advised to wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace.
In conclusion, AHTR due to non-ABO incompatibility is a rare but serious complication of blood transfusion. Blood banks screen for non-ABO antigens, and patients with known antibodies should receive compatible blood. Patients who have had an AHTR in the past should be educated about the risk of recurrence.