Non-ABO incompatibility with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction Save
ICD-10 code: T80.A11
Chapter: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Understanding Non-ABO Incompatibility and Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Transfusion of blood components is a common medical intervention that is performed to replace lost blood or enhance oxygenation in individuals with certain medical conditions. However, not all transfusions are successful, and some can result in adverse reactions, such as hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs).
Non-ABO incompatibility is a type of HTR that occurs when there is a mismatch between the donor and recipient's blood components, which do not involve the ABO blood group system. One of the most common types of non-ABO incompatibility is due to mismatched red blood cell (RBC) antigens.
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a type of HTR that can occur days to weeks after a transfusion. DHTRs are often caused by non-ABO incompatibility and are characterized by the destruction of RBCs, which releases hemoglobin and other cellular components into the bloodstream.
Symptoms of DHTRs can range from mild to severe and can include fever, chills, jaundice, dark urine, and kidney failure. If left untreated, DHTRs can be life-threatening.
The diagnosis of DHTRs can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to other medical conditions. However, a blood test can confirm the presence of antibodies directed against the transfused RBC antigens.
To prevent DHTRs, careful screening of donor and recipient blood types and antigens is necessary before a transfusion. In cases where non-ABO incompatibility cannot be avoided, close monitoring of patients is essential to detect any signs of a reaction promptly.
- Screening for donor and recipient blood types and antigens
- Careful monitoring of patients after transfusion
- Early diagnosis and treatment of DHTRs
In conclusion, non-ABO incompatibility can lead to delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Therefore, it is essential to screen for blood types and antigens before transfusion and closely monitor patients for signs of a reaction. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for a successful outcome.