Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy Save

Other Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Understanding the Risks and Treatment Options

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. This disease can be particularly challenging during pregnancy, especially when it exists before pregnancy. Other pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (OPDM) is a term used to describe diabetes that was present before a woman became pregnant. This condition can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.

1. Risks to the Mother:
• Gestational hypertension
• Pre-eclampsia
• Increased risk of cesarean delivery
• Increased risk of infections
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Retinopathy
2. Risks to the Baby:
• Macrosomia (large baby)
• Preterm birth
• Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
• Hypoglycemia
• Jaundice
• Increased risk of congenital malformations

Managing diabetes during pregnancy requires a team approach. This team should include an obstetrician, a registered dietitian, an endocrinologist, and a diabetes educator. Regular blood sugar monitoring and frequent prenatal visits are essential to prevent complications. A healthy diet and regular exercise can also help manage blood sugar levels.

In addition to lifestyle changes, medication is often necessary to manage diabetes during pregnancy. Insulin is the preferred medication for controlling blood sugar in pregnant women with diabetes because it does not cross the placenta. Oral diabetes medications, such as metformin or glyburide, may be used in some cases but are not recommended for women with type 1 diabetes.

Caring for a woman with OPDM requires specialized knowledge and experience. If you have diabetes and are planning to get pregnant, it is crucial to speak with your healthcare provider before becoming pregnant. Early and careful planning can help prevent complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby.