Other sequelae of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage Save

Other sequelae of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke that occurs when blood leaks into the space between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain. While SAH can be caused by head trauma, it can also occur spontaneously due to a ruptured aneurysm or other medical conditions. The effects of SAH can be severe and long-lasting, and can include a range of sequelae, including the following:

1. Hydrocephalus: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. This can occur as a result of SAH, as the blood can block the normal flow of CSF. Symptoms of hydrocephalus can include headaches, nausea and vomiting, and changes in vision or mental status.
2. Seizures: Seizures are a common complication of SAH, occurring in up to 15% of patients. Seizures can occur in the acute phase of SAH, but can also occur weeks to months after the hemorrhage. Seizures can be generalized or focal, and can be difficult to manage in some cases.
3. Cognitive impairment: SAH can also lead to cognitive impairment, which can manifest as problems with memory, attention, and executive function. Cognitive impairment can be particularly pronounced in patients who have suffered multiple hemorrhages or who have had a delayed diagnosis or treatment.
4. Mood disorders: SAH can also lead to mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. These can be due to the physical and emotional stress of the hemorrhage, as well as the neurochemical changes that can occur in the brain as a result of the hemorrhage.
5. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia is a condition in which there is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. This can occur as a result of SAH, as the hemorrhage can cause the release of hormones that can lead to fluid retention and dilution of the blood. Symptoms of hyponatremia can include nausea and vomiting, confusion, seizures, and coma.

Overall, the sequelae of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage can be serious and long-lasting. Patients who have suffered from SAH should be closely monitored for complications and treated appropriately to minimize the impact of these sequelae.