When cancer spreads to the bones, it can weaken them and increase the risk of a pathological fracture. This type of fracture occurs due to an underlying disease, such as cancer, that has weakened the bone's structure. Pathological fractures can occur in any bone but are most common in the spine, hips, and long bones of the arms and legs.
Pathological fractures can be a complication of many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and prostate cancer. They can also occur in multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow. Other factors that can increase the risk of a pathological fracture include osteoporosis, a history of smoking, and certain medications that can weaken bones.
Symptoms of a pathological fracture may include sudden, severe pain in the affected bone, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected limb. If you have a history of cancer and experience these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately. A doctor can perform imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to diagnose a pathological fracture.
Treatment for a pathological fracture will depend on the location and severity of the fracture, as well as the underlying cause. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the bone and prevent further damage. Other treatments may include radiation therapy or chemotherapy to shrink the tumor and reduce the risk of further fractures.
In summary, pathological fractures can be a serious complication of cancer that can lead to pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. If you have cancer, it's important to take steps to reduce your risk of developing a pathological fracture and to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many people with pathological fractures are able to regain their mobility and enjoy a good quality of life.