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Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A pilonidal cyst is a type of cyst that develops at the base of the tailbone or coccyx. The cyst contains hair, debris, and sometimes infection. When the cyst becomes infected, it forms a sinus that can cause pain, swelling, and discharge. Pilonidal cysts and sinuses are more common in men than women and often occur in people who sit for long periods or have excess body hair.

1. Causes

The exact cause of pilonidal cysts and sinuses is not known, but they are believed to be caused by hair follicles that become irritated or inflamed. This can happen when hair grows inwards and becomes trapped, leading to the formation of a cyst. Other factors that may contribute to the development of pilonidal cysts and sinuses include poor hygiene, excess sweating, and genetic predisposition.

2. Symptoms

Symptoms of pilonidal cysts and sinuses include pain and swelling at the base of the tailbone, redness and tenderness in the area, and the presence of pus or blood. The sinus may also produce a foul-smelling discharge that can be yellow or brown in color. Some people may experience fever, fatigue, and other signs of infection.

3. Treatment

The treatment for pilonidal cysts and sinuses depends on the severity of the condition. In some cases, the cyst may drain on its own, and no treatment is necessary. However, if the cyst is infected or causing pain, it may need to be drained by a medical professional. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to treat the infection. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the cyst and prevent recurrence.

Prevention is key when it comes to pilonidal cysts and sinuses. Maintaining good hygiene, such as keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding tight clothing, and not sitting for long periods, can help prevent the development of cysts. Additionally, shaving or waxing excess body hair in the area may also reduce the risk of pilonidal cysts and sinuses.

If you suspect you have a pilonidal cyst or sinus, contact your healthcare provider for an evaluation. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve your outcome.