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Rheumatoid Arthritis without Rheumatoid Factor: How it Affects the Hands

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints. It is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies in the blood, but some people with RA do not have RF. This is known as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, and it can still cause significant joint damage and disability. In particular, RA without RF can affect the hands in several ways.

1. Swelling: One of the hallmark symptoms of RA is joint swelling. Without the presence of RF antibodies, it can be more difficult to diagnose RA in the early stages. However, once joint swelling occurs, it can be a clear sign of RA without RF.
2. Pain and stiffness: RA can cause pain and stiffness in the hands, even without the presence of RF. This can make it difficult to perform everyday tasks, such as opening jars or typing on a keyboard.
3. Deformity: Over time, RA without RF can cause joint deformity in the hands. This can result in a loss of function and disability. Hand deformity is more common in people with RA who have a longer disease duration, regardless of RF status.

While there is no cure for RA, there are several treatment options available to manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents. In addition, occupational therapy and physical therapy can help maintain hand function and prevent deformity.

If you are experiencing hand pain, swelling, or stiffness, it is important to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Even without the presence of RF antibodies, RA can still cause significant joint damage and disability. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes and quality of life.