Sequelae of Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a viral disease caused by the poliovirus. The disease can cause paralysis and even death. Although the virus has been eradicated in many parts of the world, there are still cases of polio reported in some areas. Those who have had polio may develop long-term complications, known as sequelae.
- Post-polio syndrome (PPS): PPS is a condition that affects people who have had polio. It is characterized by new muscle weakness, fatigue, and pain that develop years after the initial infection. PPS is thought to be caused by the death of nerve cells that were damaged by the poliovirus.
- Muscle weakness: Some people who have had polio may experience muscle weakness in the affected limb years after the initial infection. This can lead to difficulty with mobility and daily activities.
- Scoliosis: Scoliosis is a condition that causes the spine to curve sideways. People who have had polio may develop scoliosis as a result of muscle weakness and imbalances in the back muscles.
- Joint problems: People who have had polio may experience joint problems, such as arthritis, as a result of the stress placed on joints due to muscle weakness and imbalances.
- Breathing problems: Polio can affect the muscles involved in breathing, leading to respiratory problems. People who have had polio may experience breathing difficulties, especially during times of illness.
It is important for those who have had polio to receive ongoing medical care to monitor for these and other potential complications. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medication, and assistive devices to improve mobility and quality of life.
Prevention of polio is possible through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all children receive the polio vaccine as part of routine immunizations. Travelers to areas where polio is still present should also receive the vaccine.
In conclusion, those who have had polio may develop long-term complications known as sequelae. These can include post-polio syndrome, muscle weakness, scoliosis, joint problems, and breathing problems. Ongoing medical care and prevention through vaccination are important for those who have had polio.