Vertigo is a sensation of dizziness where a person feels like they are spinning or the world around them is spinning. It is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and imbalance. Vertiginous syndromes are conditions that cause vertigo as a primary or secondary symptom. These syndromes can be caused by various diseases and disorders.
Vertiginous syndromes in diseases classified elsewhere refer to vertigo caused by a disease or disorder that is classified elsewhere in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system. For example, vertigo can be a symptom of a neurological disorder like multiple sclerosis, which is classified under the nervous system diseases in the ICD system. Similarly, vertigo can be a symptom of a cardiovascular disease like hypertension, which is classified under the circulatory system diseases in the ICD system.
Other diseases that can cause vertiginous syndromes include metabolic disorders like hypoglycemia and hyperthyroidism, infectious diseases like meningitis and encephalitis, and autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases, the cause of vertiginous syndromes may not be known.
The symptoms of vertiginous syndromes can vary depending on the underlying disease or disorder. However, the most common symptom is vertigo. Other symptoms may include hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness. Diagnosis of vertiginous syndromes involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests like audiometry, electronystagmography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment of vertiginous syndromes depends on the underlying disease or disorder. In some cases, vertigo may resolve on its own without treatment. However, in cases where vertigo is persistent or severe, treatment may be necessary. Treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, and surgery.