Acute graft-versus-host disease Save

Understanding Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a potentially serious complication that can arise after an allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplant. This condition occurs when the donor's immune cells recognize the recipient's body as foreign and attack it. While treatment for aGVHD is available, it is important to be aware of its causes, symptoms, and risk factors.

Causes:

1. A mismatch between the donor and recipient's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) can trigger aGVHD. The closer the match, the lower the risk.
2. Conditioning regimen used before the transplant can increase the likelihood of aGVHD. Higher intensity regimens raise the risk.
3. The number of donor T-cells infused during the transplant can impact the chances of developing aGVHD. Higher numbers increase the risk.

Symptoms:

• Skin rash, often starting on the palms, soles, or scalp, is a common symptom of aGVHD.
• Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea are gastrointestinal symptoms associated with aGVHD.
• Jaundice and liver dysfunction can occur as a result of aGVHD affecting the liver.
• Pulmonary symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and lung inflammation may also be present.

Risk Factors:

1. Prior history of aGVHD increases the chances of developing it again in subsequent transplants.
2. Age plays a role, with older recipients being at a higher risk for aGVHD.
3. Sex mismatch between the donor and recipient can impact the risk of aGVHD.
4. Underlying health conditions, such as infections or organ dysfunction, can increase susceptibility.

While aGVHD can be a serious complication, it is important to remember that not everyone who undergoes a transplant will develop this condition. The severity of aGVHD can range from mild to life-threatening, and prompt medical attention is crucial. If you are experiencing any symptoms or have concerns about aGVHD, consult your healthcare provider for guidance and appropriate management.