Atrioventricular septal defect Save

Atrioventricular Septal Defect: An Overview

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart condition that affects the structure of the heart. It is also known as atrioventricular canal defect or endocardial cushion defect. AVSD occurs when there is a hole in the center of the heart, affecting the walls and valves between the heart's chambers.

AVSD is a common congenital heart defect, accounting for about 5-7% of all congenital heart diseases. It is often associated with Down syndrome, with approximately 45-60% of children with Down syndrome having AVSD.

There are two main types of AVSD: complete and partial. In complete AVSD, there is a large hole in the center of the heart, and the valves that separate the chambers are also affected. In partial AVSD, there is a smaller hole, and only one valve is affected.

Signs and Symptoms

1. Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
2. Poor feeding and slow weight gain in infants
3. Fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance
4. Recurrent respiratory infections
5. Bluish tint to the skin, lips, and nail beds (cyanosis)

Diagnosis

AVSD can be detected during pregnancy through fetal echocardiography. After birth, a physical examination, combined with imaging tests like echocardiography, can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Due to the word limit, we won't discuss treatment options in this article. However, it's important to note that AVSD often requires surgical intervention to repair the defects and improve heart function. Consultation with a pediatric cardiologist is crucial for determining the best course of action.

In conclusion, atrioventricular septal defect is a congenital heart condition that affects the structure of the heart. It can have varying degrees of severity and is often associated with Down syndrome. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical care are essential for managing AVSD and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.