Calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis with obstruction Save

Understanding Calculus of the Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis with Obstruction

Calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct is a condition characterized by the formation of hardened deposits, known as gallstones, in the gallbladder and bile ducts. These stones can lead to various complications, including acute and chronic cholecystitis with obstruction.

Acute cholecystitis occurs when gallstones block the cystic duct, which is responsible for draining bile from the gallbladder. This blockage leads to inflammation and swelling of the gallbladder. Patients with acute cholecystitis often experience severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

On the other hand, chronic cholecystitis develops over time due to repeated episodes of inflammation in the gallbladder. Gallstones can cause chronic irritation and damage to the gallbladder wall, leading to symptoms such as recurrent abdominal pain, indigestion, and bloating.

Obstruction of the bile duct is another complication that can arise from the presence of gallstones. When a stone becomes lodged in the common bile duct, it prevents the normal flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine. This obstruction can result in jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, as well as dark urine and pale stools.

1. Causes:
• Gallstones form when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin. The exact cause of this imbalance is still unknown, but factors like obesity, a high-fat diet, and certain medical conditions can increase the risk.
• Chronic cholecystitis is often a result of repeated episodes of acute cholecystitis.
• Obstruction of the bile duct can occur when gallstones pass from the gallbladder into the ducts.
2. Symptoms:
• Acute cholecystitis symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
• Chronic cholecystitis symptoms include recurrent abdominal pain, indigestion, and bloating.
• Obstruction of the bile duct can cause jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools.
3. Diagnosis:
• A physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can help diagnose calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct.

In conclusion, calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholec