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Newborn Esophageal Reflux: Causes and Symptoms

Newborn esophageal reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common condition that affects many infants. It occurs when the contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, causing discomfort or regurgitation. While most infants experience some degree of GER during the first few months of their lives, it typically resolves on its own without any treatment.

There are several factors that can contribute to the development of GER in newborns. One of the primary causes is an immature digestive system. In newborns, the muscles that control the flow of food and digestive juices from the stomach to the small intestine are not fully developed. This can lead to food and stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus.

Another contributing factor is an abnormality in the muscle that connects the esophagus to the stomach, known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). In some infants, the LES may not fully close, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

Other factors that can contribute to GER in newborns include overfeeding, a food allergy or intolerance, and a family history of GER.

Symptoms of Newborn Esophageal Reflux

The most common symptom of GER in newborns is spitting up. This occurs when an infant regurgitates a small amount of milk or formula after feeding. While spitting up is common and generally not a cause for concern, it can be a sign of GER if it occurs frequently or is accompanied by other symptoms.

Other symptoms of GER in newborns may include:

1. Frequent crying or fussiness during or after feeding
2. Arching of the back during or after feeding
3. Coughing or choking during or after feeding
4. Refusal to eat or difficulty swallowing
5. Poor weight gain or weight loss
6. Irritability or colic

If your infant is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your pediatrician. While most cases of GER in newborns do not require treatment, your doctor may recommend changes to your feeding routine or medication if your infant is experiencing severe symptoms or complications.