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Nipple Discharge: Causes, Symptoms, and Associated Conditions

Nipple discharge refers to any fluid that comes out of the nipple, other than breast milk during breastfeeding. It can occur in both men and women, although it is more commonly seen in women. Nipple discharge can vary in color, consistency, and quantity. While most cases of nipple discharge are not a cause for concern, it is essential to understand the potential causes and associated conditions.

Here are some common causes of nipple discharge:

1. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or menopause can lead to nipple discharge. These changes are usually benign and not a sign of any underlying health issue.
2. Infection: Infections, such as mastitis or breast abscesses, can cause nipple discharge. These conditions are often accompanied by other symptoms like breast pain, redness, or swelling.
3. Fibrocystic changes: Fibrocystic breast changes, which are noncancerous lumps in the breast tissue, can also result in nipple discharge. These changes are usually more prominent before menstrual periods.
4. Intraductal papilloma: Intraductal papillomas are small, noncancerous growths that occur in the milk ducts. They can cause nipple discharge, often accompanied by blood. While they are generally harmless, they may require further evaluation.
5. Medications: Certain medications, including birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or psychiatric medications, can cause nipple discharge as a side effect. If you notice discharge after starting a new medication, consult your healthcare provider.

It is important to be aware of the potential symptoms associated with nipple discharge. If you experience any of the following, it is recommended to seek medical attention:

• Bloody or clear discharge
• Discharge from only one breast
• Newly developed nipple discharge in men
• Accompanying breast lumps or masses
• Breast pain or swelling

Remember, nipple discharge does not always indicate a serious health issue. However, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying problems. Regular breast self-exams and mammograms can also help detect any abnormalities early on.