Postencephalitic parkinsonism Save

Understanding Postencephalitic Parkinsonism: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Postencephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the movement of the body. It is a type of Parkinsonism that occurs after an infection or inflammation of the brain. The condition was first reported in the 1920s and 1930s during the epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, which affected millions of people worldwide.

PEP is caused by damage to the basal ganglia, a group of nerve cells in the brain that controls movement and coordination. The damage occurs due to inflammation or infection of the brain, which leads to the death of the nerve cells. The exact cause of encephalitis lethargica is not known, but it is believed to be caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Symptoms of Postencephalitic Parkinsonism

The symptoms of PEP are similar to those of Parkinson's disease, including:

1. Tremors or shaking of the hands, arms, legs, or jaw
2. Muscle stiffness or rigidity
3. Slow movements or bradykinesia
4. Difficulty with balance and coordination
5. Postural instability

These symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly, and they may worsen over time. In some cases, PEP can also affect cognitive function, memory, and mood.

Diagnosis of Postencephalitic Parkinsonism

Diagnosing PEP can be challenging, as it is a rare condition and its symptoms are similar to those of other movement disorders. A neurologist will typically perform a physical exam and order imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

The doctor may also perform a dopamine transporter scan, which can help to differentiate between PEP and Parkinson's disease. In PEP, the dopamine transporter scan will show a reduced uptake of dopamine in the basal ganglia, whereas in Parkinson's disease, the uptake is reduced in the striatum.

Conclusion

Postencephalitic parkinsonism is a rare neurological disorder that affects the movement of the body. It is caused by damage to the basal ganglia due to inflammation or infection of the brain. The symptoms of PEP are similar to those of Parkinson's disease, and diagnosing the condition can be challenging. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of PEP, it is important to seek medical attention from a neurologist who specializes in movement disorders.