Tuberculosis of skin and subcutaneous tissue Save

Tuberculosis of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: An Overview

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While most commonly associated with the lungs, TB can affect other parts of the body, including the skin and subcutaneous tissue. This type of TB is known as cutaneous tuberculosis.

The skin is the most common site of extrapulmonary TB, accounting for about 10% of all cases. Cutaneous TB can present in a variety of ways, including:

1. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis - a superficial, warty growth that is often painless and slow-growing
2. Lupus vulgaris - a chronic, progressive form of cutaneous TB that can cause scarring and disfigurement
3. Scrofuloderma - a form of TB that affects the lymph nodes in the neck, causing abscesses and draining sinuses
4. Miliary TB - a rare form of TB that can affect the skin and other organs, causing a widespread rash and fever

Diagnosis of cutaneous TB can be challenging, as it can mimic other skin conditions. A skin biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, a culture of the affected tissue may also be needed to identify the specific strain of TB bacteria.

While cutaneous TB is typically treated with a combination of antibiotics, it is important to note that the disease is not highly contagious. In most cases, direct contact with an infected individual is required for transmission to occur.

Prevention of cutaneous TB involves reducing exposure to the bacteria. This may include avoiding contact with individuals who are known to have TB, practicing good hygiene, and maintaining a healthy immune system.

In conclusion, cutaneous TB is a rare but serious form of TB that can affect the skin and subcutaneous tissue. While diagnosis can be challenging, prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications and scarring. With proper precautions and early intervention, cutaneous TB can be effectively managed.