Tuberculosis of Spleen - Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spleen is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB that occurs when the bacteria that cause TB infect the spleen. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left abdomen, and plays a crucial role in the immune system by filtering out old and damaged red blood cells and producing antibodies to fight off infections.

Like other forms of TB, TB of the spleen is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria can spread to the spleen through the bloodstream from a primary infection in another part of the body, such as the lungs, or through direct infection from nearby lymph nodes.

The symptoms of TB of the spleen can be vague and non-specific, and may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, and abdominal pain. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. As a result, TB of the spleen may be difficult to diagnose.

1. Physical Exam: During a physical exam, a doctor may feel an enlarged spleen or notice other signs of infection, such as a fever or rapid heartbeat.
2. Blood Tests: Blood tests can detect the presence of antibodies to the TB bacteria, as well as signs of infection, such as an elevated white blood cell count.
3. Imaging Tests: Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, can help identify abnormalities in the spleen and other organs.
4. Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the spleen and examining it under a microscope. This can confirm the presence of TB bacteria and rule out other conditions.

Overall, TB of the spleen is a rare but serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect you may have TB of the spleen, it is important to seek medical attention right away.